dominant: applies to something that is uppermost because it rules or controls: a ~ wolf.     （主宰和主导两个词的意思接近，但力度不同。主宰是"完全地""控制和掌握"。主导是起"引导或控制"的作用，类似于支配）   （如he denied that his country wants to dominate Europe他否认他的国家想要控制欧洲，又如father was no longer the dominant figure of the family随着妇女就业，父亲不再是家里的主导人物，如dominant figure/lion/hand/force/role/gene/trait主导(宰)人物/狮王/常用手/主导(宰)力量/角色/显性基因/特征）


predominant: applies to something that exerts, often temporarily, the most marked influence on a person or a situation: at the time fear was my ~ emotion.   如Amanda's predominant emotion was that of confusion阿曼达主要还是感到困惑，如the predominant political forces/culture/color主要政治力量/主流文化/主色调     解释中说常表示暂时的，但从这些例子看不是这样，所以没有译出


paramount: implies supremacy in importance, rank, or jurisdiction: inflation was the ~ issue in the campaign.  rank级别   jurisdiction管辖权即权力  （supremacy显著的超越众人的优势地位implies superiority over all others that is usually perfectly apparent or generally accepted，如the supremacy of Shakespeare among English dramatists莎士比亚在英国剧作家中的至上地位，如naval supremacy制海权海上优势海上霸权/male supremacy大男子主义/the fallacy of "white supremacy"白人至上主义谬论/quantum supremacy量子优势）    中朝等国常说的最高领导人是paramount leader，派拉蒙影业公司英文名称是Paramount Pictures, Inc.以群星环绕雪山的标志为人所熟知，明星众多，影片质量高，一直坐在好莱坞霸主的宝座，可以配得上paramount这个名字


preponderant: applies to an element or factor that outweighs all others with which it may come into comparison in influence, power, number, or effect: ~ evidence in his favor.    又如concentrate preponderant forces集中优势兵力，in youth passion is preponderant青春期最热情，greed is a miser's preponderant characteristic.贪婪是一个守财奴的主要特点，the preponderant influence of the US within the alliance美国在同盟中的巨大影响力


sovereign: indicates quality or rank to which everything else is clearly subordinate or inferior: the ~ power resides in the people.   （quality属性泛指任何属性，如权力影响力重要性地位等，这里应指power权力）  这个词还出现在20190716独立free-independent组，感觉更好理解stresses the absence of a superior or dominant power and implies supremacy within one's own domain or sphere强调没有更高权力，如a sovereign nation not subject to the laws of another主权国家无需遵守他国法律  


dominant主宰主导: 指统治控制，因而最高，predominant主要主流显著: 指最具影响力，paramount最高: 指最高的级别权力重要性，preponderant主要: 指最大(outweigh重过，力量大)力量影响力数量效果，sovereign主权最高权: 强调不存在更高的权力或主宰力量


记忆方法: 1）首字母DPPPS想成3人胆识<==主导         "主"是象形字，古字形像"灯中有火炷"的样子，是"炷"的初文。对于灯来讲火头是最主要的，即最基本最突出的； 又引申指君主，进而引申出奴隶主业主一家之主; 还表示当事人即事主。主也用作动词，表示负主要责任，即"掌管主持"

         2）主导的意思是拥有权力影响力重要性mean superior to all others in power, influence, or importance.   superior指"最"好"最"高,，来自词根SUPER表示之上高多over, higher, more than，如superlative形容词最高级supersede取代insuperable无法克服的无法超越的superfluous多余的superman超人supernova超新星